Note: This follows Section I previously translated. In this section, a discussion takes place regarding two subjects: one, how propriety translates from the personal sphere to governance; two, how to conduct oneself so as to be taken up by a state and have an influence on court life.

1. 子曰：「為政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而眾星共之。」
Master said: “Conduct politics according to virtue, analogous to the Northern Constellation, residing in its station while multitudinous stars surround it.”

2. 子曰：「詩三百，一言以蔽之，曰『思無邪』。」
Master said: “As for the three hundred Odes, one speech used to cover them is said as ‘Contemplate no crookedness.’”

3. 子曰：「道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥；道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。」
Master said: “Guiding the state according to imposition, putting it in order according to penal example, the masses refrain but have no shame; guiding the state according to virtue, putting it in order according to propriety, they have shame and indeed restrain themselves.”

4. 子曰：「吾十有五而志于學，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不踰矩。」
Master said: “At five of teens I willed to learn, at thirty to stand, at forty to be unbewildered, at fifty to understand heaven’s mandate, at sixty to be sagacious, at seventy to follow that which the heart desires without overstepping the rules.”

5. 孟懿子問孝。子曰：「無違。」樊遲御，子告之曰：「孟孫問孝於我，我對曰『無違』。」樊遲曰：「何謂也？」子曰：「生事之以禮；死葬之以禮，祭之以禮。」
Viscount Meng Yi asks of filial piety. Master said: “Without departure.” While Fan Chi drove, Master announced to him and said: “Meng Sun (Viscount Meng Yi) asked filial piety of me, I replied with ‘without departure.’” Fan Chi said: “What is called that?” Master said: “In life serve them according to propriety; in death bury them according to propriety, sacrifice for them according to propriety.”

6. 孟武伯問孝。子曰：「父母唯其疾之憂。」
Count Meng Wu asks of filial piety. Master said: “For one’s father and mother, let only one’s illness be their concern.”

7. 子遊問孝。子曰：「今之孝者，是謂能養。至於犬馬，皆能有養；不敬，何以別乎？」
Disciple You asks of filial piety. Master said: “Today’s filial piety, some say, is being capable of providing; coming to dogs and horses, all are capable of having provision; without being reverent, what is used to differentiate?”

8. 子夏問孝。子曰：「色難，有事弟子服其勞，有酒食先生饌，曾是以為孝乎？」
Disciple Xia asks of filial piety. Master said: “With outer bearing afflicted, when there is duty and juniors comply with their toil, or when there is wine and food and seniors are served, even are such taken to be treated as filial piety?”

9. 子曰：「吾與回言，終日不違如愚。退而省其私，亦足以發。回也，不愚。」
Master said: “When I speak with Hui, till the end of day he does not contravene, like a fool. But retreating and scrutinizing his private thoughts, it is also enough to be used for setting out. Hui, he is not foolish.”

10. 子曰：「視其所以，觀其所由，察其所安。人焉廋哉？人焉廋哉？」
Master said: “Look at what he uses, observe what he conforms to, inspect what he is contented with. Where does a man hide? Where does a man hide?”

11. 子曰：「溫故而知新，可以為師矣。」
Master said: “He who collects the past and understands the new could be used as a teacher.”

12. 子曰：「君子不囂^*。」
Master said: “A princely scholar is not arrogant.”

13. 子貢問君子。子曰：「先行，其言從之。」
Disciple Gong asks of princely scholar. Master said: “Advance action, the speech of which follows it.”

14. 子曰：「君子周而不比，小人比而不周。」
Master said: “A princely scholar is circumspect but not intimate. A trifling man is intimate but not circumspect.”

15. 子曰：「學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。」
Master said: “Emulate without contemplation and be puzzled. Contemplate without emulation and be idle.”

16. 子曰：「功^*乎異端，斯害也已！」
Master said: “Putting service into different ends, this is already injurious!”

17. 子曰：「由！誨女知乎？知之為知之，弗知為弗知，是知也。」
Master said: “You (Disciple Lu)! Instruct I thee of knowledge? Treat understanding a thing as understanding it, treat a thing not being understood as it not being understood, such is knowledge.”

18. 子張學干祿。子曰：「多聞闕疑，慎言其餘，則寡尤；多見闕殆，慎行其餘，則寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，祿在其中矣。」
Disciple Zhang learns about taking part in salaried office. Master said: “Listen more and remove doubtful speech, be attentive to speaking on those remaining, accordingly scant are mistakes; see more and remove useless acts, be attentive to carrying out those remaining, accordingly scant are regrets. Speak scant mistaken speech, carry out scant regretful acts, the commission has been in those midst.

19. 哀公問曰：「何為則民服？」孔子對曰：「舉直錯諸枉，則民服；舉枉錯諸直，則民不服。」
Duke Ai asking, said: “How to act so the masses comply?” Confucius replying, said: “Raise the just and grind away all the unjust, accordingly the masses comply; raise the unjust and grind away all the just, accordingly the masses do not comply.”

20. 季康子問：「使民敬、忠以勸，如之何？」子曰：「臨之以莊則敬，孝慈則忠，舉善而教不能，則勸。」
Viscount Ji Kang asks: “Mobilizing the masses to be reverent and devoted so as to strive, how to be like this?” Master said: “Supervise them using seriousness and accordingly they are reverent, be filial and kind and accordingly they are devoted, raise the endowed and teach the incapable, accordingly they strive.”

21. 或謂孔子曰：「子何不為政也？」子曰：「《書》云：『孝乎維^*孝，友于兄弟。』施於有政，是亦為政。奚其為為政也？」
Someone called Confucius and said: “Why does Master not conduct politics?” Master said: “The Book of History states, ‘Thou art … filial in keeping piety and fraternal to brothers.’ When displayed in holding court, such is also conducting politics. Why is his way taken to be conducting politics?”

22. 子曰：「人而無信，不知其可也。大車無輗，小車無軏，其何以行之哉？」
Master said: “A man without being true, I don’t know what he is able to do. A large carriage without yoke swivel, a small carriage without yoke pin, what do those use to run themselves?”

23. 子張問：「十世可知也？」子曰：「殷因於夏禮所損益，可知也；周因於殷禮所損益，可知也；其或繼周者，雖百世可知也。」
Disciple Zhang asks: “Can the tenth generation be understood?” Master said: “The Shang built upon the Xia customs with deletions and addenda, it can be understood; the Zhou built upon the Shang customs with deletions and addenda, it can be understood; that which continues from the Zhou, although it may be the hundredth generation, can be understood.”

24. 子曰：「非其鬼而祭之，諂也。見義不為，無勇也。」
Master said: “If not his spirit yet he makes sacrifice for it, it is fawn. If seeing the appropriate thing and he does not act, it is absence of courage.”

• 譬 analogy, metaphor < 譬 analogize
• 辰 celestial division <- 辰 (蜃) clam
• 共 (拱) [kjoŋʔ] cup, surround, fold (cf. 共 [koŋs] be surrounded, together; 恭 (供) [kjoŋ] offer sacrifice)
• 蔽 cover
• 邪 (斜) [zjᴀ] be oblique, be slanted
• 齊 line up, be in order, order < 齊 arrange, put in order
• 刑 punish, set example < 刑 cut down the middle
• 免 take off, refrain <= 免 (冕) headdress
• 且 conjunction and indeed <- 且 (祖) ancestor
• 格 check, resist, restrain
• 于 [gʷja] preposition to < 于 [gʷja] pre-Classical go to < 往 [gʷjaŋʔ] go off
• 惑 be bewildered, be muddled
• 命 mandate, transmit order
• 順 be along, be in the direction of
• 從 follow (cf. 從 follower; 縱 set free)
• 欲 desire, sense
• 踰 go beyond, cross over, exceed
• 矩 rule < 巨 carpenter's tool
• 違 [gʷjəj] contravention, departure < 韋 [gʷjəj] leave, depart, go against
• 御 drive
• 祭 make sacrifice for
• 唯 be only < 惟 be, yes, so
• 疾 pain
• 憂 worry < 憂 worry about, be concerned about
• 養 provide for
• 别 separate, part, distinguish
• 服 comply with
• 勞 toil
• 饌 serve food
• 曾 particle even, already < 曾 (層) be overlaid, layer < 曾 (增) overlay, increase < 曾 (甑) steamer deck
• 退 retreat
• 私 private things < private plot of field
• 足 [tsjok] be enough, be sufficient = 〇 whole + 止 [tjəʔ] foot (vs. 乏 [bjop] = 一 nothing + 之 [tjəʔ] reversed foot)
• 發 [pjat] start off, set out < shoot, fire, emit <- 癹 [phat] stomp + 弓 bow
• 視 look at
• 察 inspect
• 廋 hide (cf. 搜 search for)
• 溫 (蘊) accumulate, store up
• 新 be new < 新 make new, renew < 新 (薪) cut tree
• 師 teacher, commander < test
• 囂 [xrjaw] be loud, be arrogant < 囂 (嗷) [ŋaw] sound of loud noise

The text takes into account some differences of the more original (and evidently, grammatically more correct) Dingzhou scroll.

《學而》第一

Note: The princely scholars, sometimes translated as gentleman-scholars, are more or less the intellectual elite who assign themselves the task of defining morality and leading by example. Here, they have a rambling discussion about the desirable traits of a princely scholar (and therefore the ideal benevolent man), and how such a person participates in managing the masses, who need not understand anything but merely follow along.

1. 子曰：「學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？」
Master said: “Learning and fittingly applying it, isn’t that also persuasion? Having comrades from afar be drawn, isn’t that also concordance? Others not understanding yet one not harboring resentment, isn’t that also being a princely scholar [junzi]?”

(To learn and teach through example and action, and to get resonance among peers is the mark of an elite intellectual; whether others get it is not important. Confucius is talking about his own reasons for teaching rather than going on the lobbying circuit, where he was frequently rebuffed.)

2. 有子曰：「其為人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鮮矣；不好犯上，而好作亂者，未之有也。君子務本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其為仁之本與！」
Master You said: “He who treats others with filial and fraternal piety [xiao, ti], but likes to violate superiors, has been rare; he who doesn’t like to violate superiors, but likes to raise discord, doesn’t yet exist. A princely scholar seeks the basics [ben], if the basics stand then the guidelines [dao] emerge. Filial and fraternal piety, those are the basics of benevolent humanity [ren]!”

(An elite intellectual can derive for himself general moral guidelines from basic principles of family relationship.)

3. 子曰：「巧言令色，鮮矣仁！」
Master said: “Sophistic speech and pandering expression, rarely have been benevolent!”

4. 曾子曰：「吾日三省吾身：爲人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習乎？」
Master Zeng said: “I daily inspect my being on three things: In advising for others am I undevoted? In associating with comrades and friends am I untrue? Do I preach what I don’t practice?”

5. 子曰：「道千乘之國：敬事而信，節用而愛人，使民以時。」
Master said: “To guide a state of a thousand chariots: Conduct duties with reverence and be true, expend with restraint and be considerate of others, mobilize the masses according to opportunity.”

(Conducting the affairs of a state uses the same guidelines as conducting oneself benevolently.)

6. 子曰：「弟子入則孝，出則弟，謹而信，汎愛眾，而親仁。行有餘力，則以學文。」
Master said: “A disciple should practice filial piety upon entering the home, fraternal piety upon exiting; he should be cautious and true, pour forth consideration for the multitude, and hold benevolence dear. What energy he has to spare from doing these, he should use to learn the classics.”

(Conducting oneself benevolently is about being modest, sincere, considerate.)

7. 子夏曰：「賢賢易色，事父母能竭其力，事君能致其身，與朋友交言而有信。雖曰未學，吾必謂之學矣。」
Disciple Xia said: “The astute talent shifts his outer bearing, in serving his parents he is able to exhaust his energy, in serving his prince he is able to send his life, in associating with comrades and friends he is true to his word. Though he said he has not yet learned, I must call him as learned.”

(Upholding an inner ideal affects outer behavior, and doing this is also a form of learning.)

8. 子曰：「君子不重則不威，學則不固。主忠信。無友不如己者。過則勿憚改。」
Master said: “A princely scholar who is inconsistent would hold no sway; the learning would not be firm. Maintain being devoted [zhong] and true [xin]. There exists no friend unlike oneself. Upon transgression, be not apprehensive about reformation.”

(An elite should be consistent and emphatic in his meritorious behavior, otherwise he could neither learn nor be an example.)

9. 曾子曰：「慎終追遠，民德歸厚矣。」
Master Zeng said: “By attending to funeral rites and recalling ancestors in memorial rites, the virtue of the masses has returned to favorability.”

(Practicing basic familial obligations improves the general moral fiber of the masses.)

10. 子禽問於子貢曰：「夫子至於是邦也，必聞其政，求之與？抑與之與？」子貢曰：「夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。夫子之求之也，其諸異乎人之求之與。」
Disciple Qin asking of Disciple Gong, said: “Whichever dominion Sir Master arrives at, he always discovers its governance, does he beg of it? Or is it given to him?” Disciple Gong said: “Sir Master uses gentleness [wen], kindness [liang], piety [gong], reservation [jian], and courtesy [rang] to ascertain it. Those things of Sir Master’s entreaty all differ from those things of the entreaties of others.”

11. 子曰：「父在，觀其志；父沒，觀其行；三年無改於父之道，可謂孝矣。」
Master said: “While one’s father lives, observe one’s will; while one’s father is no more, observe one’s actions; if for three years no changes are made to the guidelines of one’s father, one can call it as having practiced filial piety.”

12. 有子曰：「禮之用，和為貴。先王之道，斯為美。小大由之，有所不行。知和而和，不以禮節之，亦不可行也。」
Master You said: “In the employment of propriety [li], harmony is treated as valuable. In the guidelines of earlier kings, harmony is treated as an ideal. If all things trivial and significant conform to propriety, there exist situations that do not work. Knowing about harmony and being harmonious, without using propriety to regulate it, also cannot work.”

(Propriety is the necessary means for maintaining harmony, which is the essence.)

13. 有子曰：「信近於義，言可復也；恭近於禮，遠恥辱也；因不失其親，亦可宗也。」
Master You said: “If being true approximates fellowship [yi], what is spoken can be reciprocated; if being pious approximates propriety, it is far from shame and disgrace; a cause that does not lose that which it is close to, likewise can be adhered to.”

(Received behaviors that closely match the underlying morality are easy to follow.)

14. 子曰：「君子食無求飽，居無求安，敏於事而慎於言，就有道而正焉，可謂好學也已。」
Master said: “A princely scholar who eats without begging satisfaction, resides without begging contentment, who is keen to duty and attentive to speech, who accommodates to established guidelines and rectifies himself within them, can already call himself as being fond of learning.”

(Somebody who doesn’t ask too much and regulates himself is well socialized.)

15. 子貢曰：「貧而無諂，富而無驕，何如？」子曰：「可也。未若貧而樂，富而好禮者也。」子貢曰：「《詩》云：『如切如磋，如琢如磨。』其斯之謂與？」子曰：「賜也，始可與言詩已矣！告諸往而知來者。」
Disciple Gong said: “Being poor without fawn, being rich without boast, how does this obey?” Master said: “It is fine. But it is not yet as if being poor and concordant, or being rich and fond of propriety.” Disciple Gong said: “The Book of Odes states, ‘The prince is … as cut and filed, as carved and milled.’ Is that what this is called?” Master said: “Ci (Disciple Gong), from the start I could have already mentioned the Book of Odes to you! You are one who knows what comes when told about what goes.”

16. 子曰：「不患人之不己知，患不知人也。」
Master said: “Do not fret about others’ not understanding oneself, fret about not understanding others.”

• 子 [tsjəʔ] master, firstborn < 子 (崽) [tsəʔ] child, infant
• 曰 [gʷjot] (see 云)
• 學 [gruk] imitate, learn < 覺 [kruk] be aware (cf. 斆 [gruks] be imitated, teach)
• 而 [njə] conjunction moreover, but, so <- 而 [njə] hair
• 時 [djə] be opportune, be fitting, be seasonable < season < 寺 [zjəs] be regulated + 日 sun < 司 [sjə] regulate
• 習 [zjup] practice <- 習 [zjup] sound of flapping
• 之 [tjə] (see 者)
• 不 [pjə] verbal prefix not
• 亦 [ljᴀk] likewise, also <- 亦 [ljᴀk] armpit
• 說 (悦) [hljots] be persuaded < 說 [hljot] explain, persuade < 兌 [lots] appeal, pray + 言 speech
• 有 [gʷjəʔ] existing, some < exist, have < 又 [gʷjəs] hand + 肉 flesh
• 朋 [bəŋ] comrades, group of people <- 朋 [bəŋ] five shells of money
• 自 [dzjits] origin, beginning <- 鼻 [bjits] nose
• 遠 [gʷjans] be far < 遠 [gʷjanʔ] get farther <- 袁 [gʷjan] long shirt + 辵 stroll (cf. 近)
• 方 [bjaŋ] be on the side, margins, bounds, stricture < 方 [pjaŋ] bound (cf. 方 [pjaŋs] be bounded, square; 旁 [baŋ] be alongside; 房 [baŋ] side room; 舫 [pjaŋs] catamaran; 邊 [pjen] edge)
• 來 [c-rə] come, be drawn near < 來 (徠) [c-rə] summon <- 來 (麥) [mrək] wheat
• 樂 [g-rawk] be in concord, be reconciled, be harmonious < 樂 [ŋrawks] music, harmony, symphony < 樂 [ŋrawk] concord with, harmonize
• 知 [trje] understand, know <- 矢 [hljijʔ] arrow + 于 [gʷja] take + 口 mouth (cf. 智 [trjes] be understood, knowledge)
• 慍 [ʔjuns] begrudge, harbor resentment < 溫 (蘊) [ʔjun] accumulate, store up (vs. 昷 (溫) [ʔun] be lukewarm)
• 君 [kjun] prince, sovereign < 尹 [gʷjinʔ] rule + 口 mouth < 又 [gʷjəs] hand
• 其 [gjə] demonstrative pronoun that, of that (cf. 斯)
• 為 [gʷjaj] do, treat, handle < 又 [gʷjəs] hand + 象 elephant (cf. 爲 [gʷjajs] be treated as; 偽 [ŋʷjajs] be false, falsehood)
• 也 [ljᴀjʔ] be (cf. 矣 [ɦjəʔ] have been)
• 孝 [xrus] be devoted to elders < 老 [c-ruʔ] elder + 子 child
• 弟 (悌) [dijs] be respectful of seniority < 弟 [dijʔ] junior, younger brother < rank, seniority
• 好 [xuʔ] be fond of, like = 女 woman + 子 child (cf. 好 [xus] be liked)
• 犯 [bjomʔ] offend, defy < 㔾 [bjomʔ] invade + 犬 dog
• 者 [tjᴀ] definite pronoun the one (cf. 之 [tjə] the one’s)
• 鮮 [sjenʔ] be rare < 鮮 [sjen] be fresh, be raw < a type of fish
• 矣 [ɦjəʔ] (see 也)
• 作 [tsak] raise, make, do <- 人 human + 乍 [dzraks] be sudden (cf. 作 [tsaks] arise, be made, be done)
• 亂 [c-rons] discord, confusion, revolt < be disorganized, be tangled
• 未 [mjəts] not yet < 勿 [mjet] do not <- 木 [mok] tree + 屮 [thrjat] sapling
• 務 (敄) [mjoʔ] seek, strive < 矛 [mju] spear + 攴 [phok] hit + 力 force (cf. 務 [mjoks] important affairs)
• 本 [pənʔ] be basic < tree root
• 道 [lus] guideline, pathway, guidance < 道 (導) [luʔ] guide < 首 [hljuʔ] head + 辵 stroll
• 生 [sreŋ] live, emerge, grow < plant, give birth to
• 仁 [njin] benevolence, humanity < 人 [njin] human
• 與 (歟) [lj'a] contraction be < 也 [ljᴀjʔ] be + 乎 [ga] exclamation
• 巧 [khruʔ] be cunning < 丂 [khuʔ] withhold + 工 skill
• 言 [ŋjan] speech < 言 [ŋjan] speak about, discuss, mention < 云 [gʷjən] say
• 令 [c-rjeŋs] accommodate < 令 [c-rjeŋ] order
• 色 [srjək] mien, expression, disposition, bearing
• 吾 [ŋa] personal pronoun I (cf. 吾 [ŋra] my, 我 [ŋajʔ] me; vs. 汝 [nja] thou, 汝 [nrja] thy, 爾 [njejʔ] thee)
• 省 [sreŋʔ] scrutinize = 屮 sapling + 目 eye
• 身 [hjin] life, being < body
• 爲 [gʷjajs] (see 為)
• 謀 [mjə] adivise, plan <- 某 [mjəʔ] plum tree + 言 speech
• 忠 [k-ljuŋ] be devoted, be loyal < 中 [k-ljuŋ] center + 心 heart
• 與 [ljas] be with, be at < 與 [ljaʔ] give, grant
• 友 [gʷjəʔ] friend < cooperate, aid < 又 [gʷjəs] hand
• 交 [krew] associate < interleave < 爻 [graw] intersect
• 信 [snjins] be true < 㐰 [snjins] messenger < 人 [njin] human + 口 mouth
• 傳 [drjon] convey < 專 (轉) [trjon] spin + 人 human < 叀 (塼) [tjon] spindle (cf. 傳 [drjons] conveyance)
• 乘 [Ljəŋs] chariot < 乘 [Ljəŋ] climb onto
• 國 [kʷək] state, defended territory < 戈 [koj] dagger ax (cf. 域 [gʷrjək] territory)
• 敬 [krjeŋs] be reverent < 敬 (警) [krjeŋʔ] warn < 茍 [kjək] be cautious + 攴 hit (cf. 驚 [krjeŋ] be startled < horse fright)
• 事 (倳) [tsrjəs] be dutiful < 吏 [c-rjəs] official (cf. 事 [ɦsrjəs] duty; vs. 仕 [dzrjəʔ] serve < 士 [dzrjəʔ] able man)
• 節 [tsik] constrain < tie < 即 (卪) [tsik] knot + 竹 bamboo
• 用 [ljoŋs] employ < 中 [k-ljuŋs] be on the mark + 卜 divinate < 中 [k-ljuŋ] center
• 愛 (㤅) [ʔəts] be considerate of, love <- 旡 [kjəts] hiccup + 心 heart
• 使 [srjəʔ] mobilize, order < 吏 [c-rjəs] official + 人 human < 又 [gʷjəs] hand
• 民 [mjin] populace
• 以 [ljəʔ] use
• 入 [njup] enter (cf. 内 [nups] be inside)
• 則 [tsək] conjunction then accordingly < 則 [tsək] convention, law = 刀 knife + 貝 shell
• 出 [thjut] exit (cf. 出 [thjuts] be outside)
• 謹 [kjənʔ] be cautious < 茍 [kjək] be cautious
• 汎 [bjum] float, pour out < 凡 [bjom] be common + 水 water (cf. 泛 [phjoms] be afloat)
• 眾 [tjuŋs] multitude, be many = 目 eye + 㐺 three people
• 親 [tshjin] get close, hold dear (cf. 親 [tshjins] be close)
• 行 [graŋ] carry out < run through < 行 [gaŋ] course, road (cf. 行 [graŋs] action, comportment)
• 餘 [lja] be left over < 余 [lja] shed + 食 food
• 文 [mjən] literature < writing < 文 (纹) [mjən] marking
• 賢 [gin] be exemplary, be capable, talented man < 賢 [gin] treasurer < 臣 [gjin] minister + 貝 shell of money
• 易 [ljek] shift, pour (cf. 易 [ljeks] be loose, be easy, flow; 賜 [sljeks] bestow)
• 能 [nəŋ] be able, be powerful < 能 [nə] beast (cf. 耐 [nəs] endure)
• 竭 [gjat] exhaust < carry on shoulder <- 曷 [gat] what + 立 stand
• 致 [trjits] deliver < 夊 [trjijʔ] trek + 至 [tjits] arrive
• 雖 [sjuj] conjunction if, although
• 必 [pjit] verbal prefix always, must
• 謂 [gʷjuts] call < 謂 [gʷjuts] appellation, have been said < 曰 [gʷjot] have said < 云 [gʷjən] say
• 重 [drjoŋs] be consistent, be redundant, be bulky < 重 [drjoŋ] double over
• 威 [ʔjuj] overpower, authority = 戌 destroy + 女 woman (cf. 畏 [ʔjujs] be overpowered, awe)
• 固 [kas] be firm, be solid < 故 [kas] be past, be old < 古 [kaʔ] past
• 主 [tjoʔ] maintain, preside over < chief
• 無 [mja] not exist, not have, none < 亡 [mjaŋ] flee
• 如 [nja] follow, obey <- 女 [nrjaʔ] woman + 口 mouth (cf. 若 [njak] be following, be obedient, as if)
• 己 [kjəʔ] reflexive pronoun self
• 過 [kʷajs] trespass, transgress, be past < 過 [kʷaj] pass
• 勿 [mjet] do not < 無 [mja] not exist (cf. 滅 [mjet] finish; 戌 [smjit] destroy)
• 憚 [dans] be apprehensive < 難 [nans] affliction, be afflicted < 難 [nan] afflict
• 改 [kəʔ] adjustment, reformation <- 己 [kjəʔ] self + 攴 hit
• 慎 [djins] be attentive < 真 (填) [djin] fill up + 心 heart
• 終 [tjuŋ] ending < 冬 [tuŋ] winter + 糸 thread
• 追 [trjuj] chase, recall < 堆 [tuj] pile up + 辵 stroll
• 德 [tək] virtue < rise <- 直 [drjək] be straight + 行 course + 心 heart
• 歸 [kjuj] revert, defect <- 堆 [tuj] pile up + 止 foot + 方 direction
• 厚 [gos] be generous, be rich, be favored < 厚 [goʔ] favor
• 至 [tjits] arrive
• 夫 [pja] adult man (cf. 父 [pjaʔ] father)
• 於 [ʔja] preposition at, in, on, to, for, from, by, with < 於 [ʔja] be in, be at < 央 [ʔaŋ] inside
• 是 [djeʔ] indefinite article some, any, such < 是 (直) [n'tjəʔ] be aligned <- 日 [njit] sun + 十 [ɡəp] ten + 止 [tjəʔ] foot
• 邦 [proŋ] dominion, vassal state < 封 [pjoŋ] confer land to vassal < boundary < 方 [pjaŋ] be alongside
• 聞 [mjun] hear of, sense <- 門 [mun] gate + 耳 ear (cf. 聞 [mjuns] information; 問 [mjuns] ask of)
• 政 [tjeŋs] governance, administration, politics < 正 (征) [tjeŋ] impose < 止 [tjəʔ] foot
• 求 [gju] beg, request (cf. 救 [kjus] aid)
• 抑 [ʔjək] conjunction or rather <- 抑 [ʔjək] curb
• 溫 [ʔun] be gentle, be mild < be lukewarm
• 良 [c-rjaŋ] be kind, be good <- 良 (廊) [c-raŋ] veranda
• 恭 [kjoŋ] be pious, be submissive < 恭 (供) [kjoŋ] offer sacrifice (cf. 貢 (供) [koŋs] be offered for sacrifice, tribute)
• 儉 [grjamʔ] be reserved, be austere < 斂 [c-rjamʔ] retract, collect <- 僉 (劍) [kjams] sword + 攴 hit
• 讓 [njaŋs] be courteous, be yielding < 襄 [snjaŋ] divest + 言 speech
• 得 [tək] gain = 彳 pace + 貝 shell of money + 又 hand
• 諸 [tjᴀ] contraction all, various < 眾 [tjuŋs] multitude
• 異 [ljəs] be different < 異 [ljə] differ <- 異 [ljəks] helmet
• 在 [dzəs] be alive < 在 [dzəʔ] live, remain
• 觀 [kon] observe < 雚 (鹳) [kons] heron + 見 [kens] see
• 志 [tjəs] will, destination < 㞢 [tjə] go + 心 heart
• 沒 (殁) [mət] be dead < 歾 [mət] die, disappear <- 勿 [mjet] do not + 歺 skeleton
• 可 [khajʔ] be allowed, be fine <- 丂 [khuʔ] withhold + 口 mouth
• 禮 [c-rijʔ] propriety < ritual < 豊 [c-rijʔ] gift, ritual offering + 示 [Ljijs] worship
• 和 [gojs] harmonious, be matched < 和 [goj] harmonize, coordinate <- 禾 [goj] grain + 口 mouth
• 貴 [kjuts] be valuable
• 斯 [sje] demonstrative pronoun this, of this (cf. 其 [gjə] that, of that)
• 先 [səns] be earlier, be advanced < 先 [sən] advance = 㞢 go + 人 human
• 美 [mrjəjʔ] be ideal = 羊 ram + 大 be big (cf. 媄 [mrjəjʔ] be beautiful)
• 由 [ljiw] conform to, follow (cf. 由 [ljiw] cause)
• 近 [gjəns] be near < 近 [gjənʔ] get nearer <- 斤 [kjən] fell + 辵 stroll (cf. 遠)
• 義 (誼) [ŋrjajs] fellowship < 宜 [ŋrjaj] be appropriate for + 言 speech (vs. 儀 [ŋrjaj] be adopted < appearance, posture <- 我 [ŋajʔ] weapon + 羊 ram)
• 復 [bjuks] be reciprocated, be repeated < 復 [bjuk] return, repeat, redouble
• 恥 [hnrjəʔ] shame <- 耳 [njəʔ] ear + 心 heart
• 辱 [njok] disgrace < 辱 (耨) [noks] rake
• 因 [ʔjin] be depended on, be followed, cause < 依 [ʔjəj] depend
• 失 [hljit] lose <- 手 [hjiwʔ] fist + 乙 [ʔrjit] fish gut, second stem
• 宗 [tsuŋ] be adhered to < ancestral hall < 尊 [tsun] venerate, honor
• 食 [Ljək] eat (cf. 食 [Ljək] food; 飤 [zljəks] feed)
• 飽 [pruʔ] be satisfied, be fulfilled < 包 [pru] contain + 食 food
• 居 [kja] reside < 居 (踞) [kjas] squat < give birth
• 安 [ʔan] be contented, be tranquil = 女 woman + 宀 roof
• 敏 [mrjəŋʔ] be quick, be keen <- 每 [məʔ] nourish + 攴 hit
• 就 [dzjuks] accommodate to, go with < 就 [dzjuk] take in, annex < 京 fortress + 尤 (又) hand
• 正 [tjeŋs] be straight, be rectified < 正 (整) [tjeŋʔ] rectify < 正 (征) [tjeŋ] impose < 止 [tjəʔ] foot
• 焉 [ʔja'n] contraction in it < 烏 (於) [ʔja] be in + 㱏 (是) [n'tjəʔ] such (vs. 焉 (爰) [gʷja'n] to it < 羽 (于) [gʷja] go to + 㱏 (是) [n'tjəʔ] such)
• 已 [ljəʔ] already, only, merely < cease, stop
• 貧 [brjən] be poor < 分 [bjəns] be divided + 貝 shell of money < 分 [pjən] divide
• 諂 [kh-ljomʔ] fawn < sleeptalk <- 臽 [khomʔ] pit + 言 speech
• 富 [pjəks] be rich < 畐 [phjəks] be filled + 宀 roof < 畐 [phjək] fill
• 驕 [krjaw] be proud < tall horse < 喬 [krjaw] be tall + 馬 horse < 高 [kaw] be high
• 何 [gaj] = 曷 [gat] interrogative pronoun what
• 詩 [stjə] poem < 寺 [zjəs] be regulated + 言 speech < 司 [sjə] regulate
• 云 [gʷjən] say (cf. 曰 [gʷjot] have said)
• 切 [tshits] be cut < 切 [tshit] cut <- 七 [tshjit] seven + 刀 knife
• 磋 [tshajs] be filed < 磋 [tshaj] file <- 差 [tshraj] dispatch + 石 stone (cf. 銼 [tsojs] file)
• 琢 [troks] be carved < 琢 [trok] carve <- 豖 [thrjok] shackle + 玉 jade (cf. 鑿 [dzaks] chisel)
• 磨 [majs] be milled, millworks < 磨 [maj] mill <- 麻 [mraj] hemp + 石 stone
• 始 [hljəʔ] origin < 台 [hlə] fetus + 女 woman
• 告 [kuk] tell, announce (cf. 告 [kuks] be told, announcement)
• 諸 [tj'ᴀ] contraction the thing about < 之 [tjə] the one's + 於 [ʔja] about
• 往 [gʷjaŋʔ] go off < 遠 [gʷjanʔ] get farther
• 患 [grons] fret < 串 (毌) [krons] penetrate + 心 heart (cf. 患 [grons] trouble)

Old Chinese phonetic reconstruction according to Baxter, slightly modified with some w-=>gʷ- (中古‘云’母).